[Windows 8] Win 8 App針對ASP.net WebAPI 的CRUD(新增、查詢、修改、刪除)基本範例
為了12/29晚上的2012 Windows App 嘉年華，所做的筆記，方便日後寫程式時複製貼上
※寫完才知道Win 8 App真囉嗦Orz，MessageBox沒了，變成MessageDialog，WebClient沒了，變成HttpClient寫法
ASP.net WebAPI使用ASP.net MVC架設，把集合變數儲存進Application來替代資料庫(要換成存取資料庫寫法的話，請自行發揮)
ASP.net MVC 4
Global.asax.cs
public class WebApiApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
{
protected void Application_Start()
{
if (HttpContext.Current.Application["Persons"] == null)
{
HttpContext.Current.Application["Persons"] = new List<Person>() { new Person() { Id = "1", Name = "Shadow", Age = 26 } };
}
AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
/*加這個*/
WebApiConfig.Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration);
FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
BundleConfig.RegisterBundles(BundleTable.Bundles);
//本WebAPI都使用Json操作
GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.XmlFormatter.SupportedMediaTypes.Clear();
}
}WebApiConfig.cs
public static class WebApiConfig
{
public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
{
config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
name: "DefaultApi",
routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
);
}
}Controller新增一個繼承ApiController類別的TestController.cs
public class TestController : ApiController
{
//取得全部資料
// GET api/Test
public IEnumerable<Person> Get()
{
return (HttpContext.Current.Application["Persons"] as List<Person>);
}
//取得單筆資料
// GET api/Test/5
public Person Get(string Id)
{
List<Person> persons = (HttpContext.Current.Application["Persons"] as List<Person>);
return persons.SingleOrDefault(x=>x.Id==Id);
}
//新增一筆資料
// POST api/Test
public void Post([FromBody]Person value)
{
List<Person> persons = HttpContext.Current.Application["Persons"] as List<Person>;
var pp = from p in persons
where p.Id == value.Id
select p;
if (!pp.Any())
{//集合裡無此資料
persons.Add(value);
HttpContext.Current.Application["Persons"] = persons;
}
}
//修改一筆資料
// PUT api/Test/5
public void Put(string Id,[FromBody]Person value)
{
List<Person> persons = HttpContext.Current.Application["Persons"] as List<Person>;
var pp = from p in persons
where p.Id == value.Id
select p;
if (pp.Any())//集合裡有該筆Id
{
Person source = pp.SingleOrDefault();
persons.Remove(source);//先移除掉，待會要重新加入
source.Name = value.Name;
source.Age = value.Age;
persons.Add(source);
}
}
//刪除一筆資料
// DELETE api/Test/5
public void Delete(string Id)
{
List<Person> persons = HttpContext.Current.Application["Persons"] as List<Person>;
var pp = from p in persons
where p.Id == Id
select p;
if (pp.Any())//有該筆Id
{
persons.Remove(pp.SingleOrDefault());
}
}
}ASP.net Web API的設定到此結束
Windows 8 App端
<Page
x:Class="AppGrid.Demo"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="using:AppGrid"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d">
<Grid Background="{StaticResource ApplicationPageBackgroundThemeBrush}">
<TextBlock FontSize="15" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="51,51,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="Id" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<TextBox HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="74,44,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" x:Name="txtId" VerticalAlignment="Top" Height="7" Width="56" RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,0.5" />
<TextBlock HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="160,51,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="Name" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<TextBox HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="194,44,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" x:Name="txtName" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<TextBlock HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="280,51,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="Age" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<TextBox HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="314,44,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" x:Name="txtAge" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<Button Content="新增" x:Name="btnAdd" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="395,44,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Click="btnAdd_Click"/>
<Button Content="修改" x:Name="btnUpdate" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="480,44,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Click="btnUpdate_Click"/>
<Button Content="刪除" x:Name="btnDelete" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="565,44,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Click="btnDelete_Click"/>
<Button Content="查詢單筆" x:Name="btnSelectOne" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="644,44,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Click="btnSelectOne_Click"/>
<Button Content="查詢全部" x:Name="btnSelectAll" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="51,99,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Click="btnSelectAll_Click"/>
<GridView x:Name="gv_Result" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="64,166,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="673" Height="116" >
<GridView.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<Grid>
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"></ColumnDefinition>
<ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"></ColumnDefinition>
<ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"></ColumnDefinition>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition></RowDefinition>
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Id}" Grid.Column="0" Grid.Row="0" Margin="0,0,10,0" />
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="0" Margin="0,0,10,0" />
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Age}" Grid.Column="2" Grid.Row="0" Margin="0,0,10,0"/>
</Grid>
</DataTemplate>
</GridView.ItemTemplate>
</GridView>
</Grid>
</Page>畫面：
以下才是本文的重點：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json;
using Windows.Data.Json;
using Windows.Foundation;
using Windows.Foundation.Collections;
using Windows.UI.Popups;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.Primitives;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Data;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Input;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Media;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;
// 空白頁項目範本已記錄在 http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=234238
namespace AppGrid
{
/// <summary>
/// 可以在本身使用或巡覽至框架內的空白頁面。
/// </summary>
public sealed partial class Demo : Page
{
public Demo()
{
this.InitializeComponent();
}
/// <summary>
/// 在此頁面即將顯示在框架中時叫用。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="e">描述如何到達此頁面的事件資料。Parameter
/// 屬性通常用來設定頁面。</param>
protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e)
{
}
//查詢全部
private async void btnSelectAll_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
//由HttpClient發出Get Method
HttpResponseMessage response = await client.GetAsync("http://localhost:5590/api/Test/");
//創建處理序列化的物件
DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(IEnumerable<Person>));
Stream stream = await response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();
//由於有可能抓到null，所以先轉型成IEnumerable<Person>來判斷
IEnumerable<Person> persons = (IEnumerable<Person>)serializer.ReadObject(stream);
if (persons!=null)
{
gv_Result.ItemsSource = persons;
}
else
{
MessageDialog dialog = new MessageDialog("內文：查無資料！", "訊息標題");
dialog.Commands.Add(new UICommand("OK"));
await dialog.ShowAsync();
}
}
//查詢單筆
private async void btnSelectOne_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
//由HttpClient發出Get Method
HttpResponseMessage response = await client.GetAsync("http://localhost:5590/api/Test/" + txtId.Text.Trim());
//創建處理序列化的物件
DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(Person));
//把讀取內容轉成Stream
Stream stream = await response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();
//由於有可能抓到null，所以先宣告一個Person物件來接反序例化
Person person = (Person)serializer.ReadObject(stream);
//GridView的ItemSource只能接受集合
ObservableCollection<Person> collection = new ObservableCollection<Person>();
//有抓到
if (person != null)
{
collection.Add(person);
}
else
{
MessageDialog dialog = new MessageDialog("內文：查無資料！", "訊息標題");
dialog.Commands.Add(new UICommand("OK"));
await dialog.ShowAsync();
}
gv_Result.ItemsSource = collection;
}
//新增
private async void btnAdd_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
//創建一個處理序列化的DataContractJsonSerializer
DataContractJsonSerializer serializer=new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(Person));
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream() ;
//將資料寫入MemoryStream
serializer.WriteObject(ms,new Person(){ Id=txtId.Text,Name=txtName.Text,Age=Convert.ToInt32( txtAge.Text)});
//一定要在這設定Position
ms.Position = 0;
HttpContent content = new StreamContent(ms);//將MemoryStream轉成HttpContent
//一定要設定Header
content.Headers.ContentType=new System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json");
HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
//由HttpClient發出Post Method
HttpResponseMessage response = await client.PostAsync("http://localhost:5590/api/Test/", content );
}
//修改
private async void btnUpdate_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
//創建一個處理序列化的DataContractJsonSerializer
DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(Person));
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
//將資料寫入MemoryStream
serializer.WriteObject(ms, new Person() { Id = txtId.Text, Name = txtName.Text, Age = Convert.ToInt32(txtAge.Text) });
//一定要在這設定Position
ms.Position = 0;
HttpContent content = new StreamContent(ms);//將MemoryStream轉成HttpContent
//一定要設定Header
content.Headers.ContentType = new System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json");
HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
//由HttpClient發出Put Method
HttpResponseMessage response = await client.PutAsync("http://localhost:5590/api/Test/"+txtId.Text,content);
}
//刪除
private async void btnDelete_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
//由HttpClient發出Delete Method
HttpResponseMessage response = await client.DeleteAsync("http://localhost:5590/api/Test/" +txtId.Text);
}
}
}
執行結果：
(查詢單筆)
(查無資料時)
參考文章：